IBM and Cisco Systems have unveiled plans to interconnect quantum computers across long distances, aiming to demonstrate a working quantum network by the end of 2030. The initiative represents an early step toward the development of a quantum internet—though both companies emphasize that several key technologies still need to be invented and refined in collaboration with universities and federal research labs.
Quantum computers have the potential to solve complex problems in physics, chemistry, and cybersecurity that would take today’s supercomputers thousands of years to compute. However, they remain highly error-prone, and building large-scale, reliable systems is an ongoing challenge being pursued by IBM, Google, and others. IBM has stated its goal of deploying an operational, fault-tolerant quantum machine by 2029.
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Earlier this year, Cisco established a dedicated lab to explore how quantum systems could be interconnected. One of the biggest challenges lies in how quantum computers function: IBM’s quantum processors operate inside massive cryogenic tanks cooled to near-absolute zero, where atoms barely move. To transmit information externally, IBM must convert stationary “qubits”—the basic unit of quantum information—into “flying” qubits that can travel as microwave signals.
Those microwave-based qubits must then be converted into optical signals capable of traveling through Cisco’s fiber-optic networking equipment. Developing the device that performs this conversion, known as a microwave-optical transducer, will require support from major research groups such as the Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center, led by Fermilab near Chicago.
Cisco and IBM will also release open-source software to integrate and manage the technologies needed for quantum networking.
“We’re approaching this as a unified system, not two separate roadmaps,” said Vijoy Pandey, Senior Vice President of Cisco’s Outshift innovation incubator. “By solving these challenges jointly, we significantly increase the chances that quantum networking will advance in a coordinated, scalable direction.”
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